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Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2018, Vol 18, Num, 5     (Pages: 671-680)
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Piper betle Leaf Extract Inhibits Multiple Aquatic Bacterial Pathogens and In Vivo Streptococcus agalactiae Infection in Nile Tilapia

Gabriel Arome Ataguba 1-2 ,Ha Thanh Dong 3 ,Triwit Rattanarojpong 3 ,Saengchan Senapin 4-5 ,Krishna Rugmini Salin 1

1 Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Khlong Luang Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
2 University of Agriculture Makurdi, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, P.M.B 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria
3 King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Department Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
4 Mahidol University, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
5 National Science and Technology Development Agency, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand DOI : 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_5_03 Viewed : 9267 - Downloaded : 3822 An in vitro assessment of antimicrobial properties of aqueous and ethanol extracts from solo garlic (Allium sativum), garlic chive (Allium tuberosum) and betel leaves (Piper betle) on six bacterial pathogens in aquaculture, and a challenge of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus with Streptococcus agalactiae were performed. Generally, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 26.63 to 53.25 mg mL-1 for aqueous solo garlic (G) and 14.60 to 29.20 mg mL-1 for garlic chive extracts for all pathogens tested. Ethanol extract of betel leaves (P) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity (0.15 – 0.60 mg mL-1). P and G incorporated in feed at high and low doses as multiples of MIC [High; H (10X for PH and 3X for GH) and Low; L (3X for PL and 1X for GL)] were fed to tilapia followed by in vivo challenge against S. agalactiae (1 x 108 CFU mL-1). Ethanol extract of P. betle significantly improved survival (P<0.05; PH=100%, PL =77%). White blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes and monocytes differed significantly (P<0.05) among treatments and the highest WBC value (1.175 × 103) was for PH. Use of ethanol extract of Piper betle seems promising for sustainable disease management in aquaculture. Keywords : Herbal, antimicrobial, risk, haematology, survival