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Fisheries Management in the Black Sea Countries
2 Ordu University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department of Fisheries, 52400, Fatsa, Ordu, Turkey Viewed : 7049 - Downloaded : 9320 Fisheries management is a governmental system of management rules based on defined objectives and a mix of management mean to implement the rules, which are put in place by a system of monitoring control and surveillance (MCS). Modern fisheries management is most often based on biological arguments where the idea is to protect the biological resource in order to exploit the resource in a sustainable manner.
The political goal of resource use is often a weak part of fisheries management system as conflicting objective is often found when exploiting a fish resource as to maximize sustainable biomass yield and sustainable economic yield, to increase employment in certain regions, to secure protein production, food supply and increase export income.
International agreements are required in order to regulate fisheries taking place in areas outside national control. The desire for agreement on this and other maritime issues led to the treaty known as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) concept allocates certain sovereign rights and responsibilities for resource management to individual countries.
The Black Sea has been subjected to very serious environmental impacts since mid 20th century due to anthropogenic dumping, huge chemical pollution mainly via Danube River, invasive species, nuclear pollution, climate change, over fishing, illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing. Riparian countries use same fishery resources mostly in migratory small pelagics. In case of shared stocks, intergovernmental agreement is unavoidable. After the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union, the Black Sea has become the sovereign responsibility of Common Fishery Policy of EU and GFCM.
In this paper, it is aimed to gather all fisheries management applications of individual Riparian countries in order to compare and summarize them for further common management purposes.
Keywords : fisheries management, legal framework, the Black Sea countries, administration