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¹ University of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, M. Oczapowskiego Str. 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland DOI : 10.4194/1303-2712-v17_6_06 Viewed : 3410 - Downloaded : 3061 The Prussian carp may occur as diploid (2n=100) and/or triploid (3n=150) individuals, co-existing in many natural populations. The simultaneous occurrence of individuals with different ploidy makes the taxonomy of this species unclear. Additionally, the taxonomic status of C. gibelio has become even more enigmatic due to its hybridizing with other nonindigenous cyprinids. Since the variation within 5S rDNA can serve as a suitable marker for molecular identification of the fish ploidy, the main aim of present study was to compare this rDNA sequence between Prussian carp individuals with different ploidy levels: diploids (2n =100) and triploids (3n=150-160). PCR amplification of 5S rDNA generated two bands of approximately 340 and 470 bp in length (in both diploids and triploids) and band 200 bp visible in some individuals. These results indicate the presence of at least two different classes of 5S rRNA gene. Analysis of their nucleotide composition revealed no differences within the class of 340 bp and several nucleotide differences within the class of 470 bp between diploid and triploid individuals. The 5S rDNA variability detected in this study indicates the potential usefulness of this sequence for the identification of diploid and triploid individuals of the Prussian carp. Keywords : 5S rDNA, Carassius, diploids, interspecific hybridization, polyploids